verbo ser o estar /verb to be

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La manzana está verde.
The apple is green. (condition)

La manzana es verde.
The apple is green. (essence)

Note how the adjective “verde” actually changes meaning, depending upon whether it is used with ser or estar.

La manzana está verde.
(condition: verde = unripe)

La manzana es verde.
(essential characteristic: verde = color green)

To address condition, use estar. Estar is an irregular verb. It does not follow the standard rules of conjugation for regular -ar verbs. Therefore, you must memorize it.

estar

estoy
estás
está
estamos
estáis
están

To address an essential quality, use ser. Ser is also irregular and must be memorized.

ser

soy
eres
es
somos
sois
son

If you are talking about what something is, use ser; if you are talking about how something is, use estar.

What is she like?
She is quiet.
Use ser:
 Ella es callada.

How is she acting?
She is being quiet.
Use estar:
 Ella está callada.

Let’s add the two important verbs ser and estar to our set of verb flashcards:


ser (to be)

soy
eres
es
somos
sois
son

estar (to be)

estoy
estás
está
estamos
estáis
están

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